diff --git a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_M1_Kukan.bas b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_M1_Kukan.bas
index 8b945c9..cd54ef4 100644
--- a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_M1_Kukan.bas
+++ b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_M1_Kukan.bas
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 ' ====== (222) =======
 
 ' ====== Constants ======
-Const START_COL As Long = 3
-Const END_COL As Long = 14
+Const START_COL As Long = 3 ' C column
+Const END_COL As Long = 14 ' N column
+Const ERROR_COL As Long = 15 ' O column
 
-Private z1Cache As Object '
+Private z1Cache As Object ' Z1 cache
 
 ' ====== Function ======
 Public Sub RefreshZ1Cache()
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ Sub ClearRowData(ByVal ws As Worksheet, ByVal rowNum As Long)
     ' Clear columns D onwards
     ws.Range(ws.Cells(rowNum, 4), ws.Cells(rowNum, 15)).ClearContents
     ws.Cells(rowNum, 6).Validation.Delete
-    ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).ClearContents ' Column Q - error info
+    ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).ClearContents ' Column Q - error info
 End Sub
 
 Sub M1_Import()
@@ -116,9 +117,9 @@ Sub M1_Import()
         Next j
         
         ' Auto-fill D, E columns from Z1
-        ' Call FillFromZ1(wsTarget, writeRow, False)
-         
-        writeRow = writeRow + 
+        Call FillFromZ1(writeRow)
+        
+        writeRow = writeRow + 1
     Next i
     
     MsgBox writeRow - 7 & " rows imported.", vbInformation
@@ -128,99 +129,91 @@ ImportError:
     MsgBox "CSV import failed: " & Err.Description, vbExclamation
 End Sub
 
-Sub validate(ByVal rowNum As Long)
+Sub validate(ByVal rowNum As Long, ByVal lastDataRow As Long)
     Set ws = Me
 
-    ' Check C column not empty
-    If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 3).Value) = "" Then
-        ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).ClearContents
-        Exit Sub
-    End If
-    
-    ' Check G (column 9), H (column 10) required and numeric (for composite key)
-    If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 9).Value) = "" Or Not IsNumeric(ws.Cells(rowNum, 9).Value) Then
-        ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = "G column (I) is required and must be numeric"
-        Exit Sub
-    End If
-    
-    If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 10).Value) = "" Or Not IsNumeric(ws.Cells(rowNum, 10).Value) Then
-        ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = "H column (J) is required and must be numeric"
-        Exit Sub
-    End If
-    
-    ' Check I (column 11) required
-    If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 11).Value) = "" Then
-        ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = "I column (K) is required"
-        Exit Sub
-    End If
-    
-    ' Check J (column 12), K (column 13) required and numeric
-    If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 12).Value) = "" Or Not IsNumeric(ws.Cells(rowNum, 12).Value) Then
-        ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = "J column (L) is required and must be numeric"
-        Exit Sub
-    End If
-    
-    If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 13).Value) = "" Or Not IsNumeric(ws.Cells(rowNum, 13).Value) Then
-        ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = "K column (M) is required and must be numeric"
-        Exit Sub
-    End If
-    
-    ' Check L-P (columns 14-18) optional but must be numeric if entered
-    Dim col As Long
-    Dim colName As String
-    Dim colLetter As String
-    colLetter = "NOPQR"
-    
-    For col = 14 To 18
-        If Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, col).Value) <> "" And Not IsNumeric(ws.Cells(rowNum, col).Value) Then
-            colName = Mid(colLetter, col - 13, 1)
-            ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = colName & " column must be numeric"
+    Dim clearRange As Range
+    Set clearRange = ws.Range(ws.Cells(rowNum, START_COL), ws.Cells(rowNum, END_COL))
+    clearRange.Interior.Color = vbWhite
+
+    ' Check column required
+    Dim colLetter As Variant
+    For Each colLetter In Array("C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "I", "L")
+        If Trim(ws.Range(colLetter & rowNum).Value) = "" Then
+            ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).Value = colLetter & " column is required"
+            ws.Range(colLetter & rowNum).Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)
             Exit Sub
         End If
-    Next col
-    
-    ' Check G-H composite key for duplicates
-    Dim g As String, h As String
-    Dim r As Long
-    Dim lastRow As Long
-    
-    g = Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 9).Value)
-    h = Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 10).Value)
-    
-    lastRow = ws.Cells(ws.Rows.Count, 3).End(xlUp).Row
-    
-    For r = 7 To lastRow
-        If r <> rowNum And Trim(ws.Cells(r, 3).Value) = Trim(ws.Cells(rowNum, 3).Value) Then
-            If Trim(ws.Cells(r, 9).Value) = g And Trim(ws.Cells(r, 10).Value) = h Then
-                ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).Value = "GH (I,J) combination already exists"
-                Exit Sub
-            End If
+    Next colLetter
+
+    ' Check column numeric
+    For Each colLetter In Array("H", "I", "G", "N")
+        Dim val As String: val = Trim(ws.Range(colLetter & rowNum).Value)
+        If val <> "" And Not IsNumeric(val) Then
+            ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).Value = colLetter & " column must be numeric"
+            ws.Range(colLetter & rowNum).Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)
+            Exit Sub
         End If
-    Next r
-    
+    Next colLetter
+
+    ' Check C column repeat
+    Dim cValue As String: cValue = Trim(ws.Range("C" & rowNum).Value)
+    Dim foundCell As Range
+    Set foundCell = ws.Range("C7:C" & lastDataRow).Find(What:=cValue, LookIn:=xlValues, LookAt:=xlWhole, SearchOrder:=xlByRows, SearchDirection:=xlNext)
+    If Not foundCell Is Nothing Then
+        If foundCell.Row <> rowNum Then
+            ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).Value = "C column value is duplicated"
+            ws.Range("C" & rowNum).Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)
+            Exit Sub
+        End If
+    End If
+
+    ' Check D and E column in the cache
+    If z1Cache Is Nothing Then Call RefreshZ1Cache
+    If z1Cache Is Nothing Then Exit Sub
+
+    Dim dValue As String: dValue = Trim(ws.Range("D" & rowNum).Value)
+    Dim eValue As String: eValue = Trim(ws.Range("E" & rowNum).Value)
+
+    If Not z1Cache.Exists(dValue) Then
+        ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).Value = "D column does not exist."
+        ws.Range("D" & rowNum).Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)
+        Exit Sub
+    Else
+        Dim valueArray As Variant
+        valueArray = z1Cache(dValue)
+        If Not IsArray(valueArray) Or UBound(valueArray) < 0 Then
+            ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).Value = "Invalid reference data for D column."
+            Exit Sub
+        End If
+        
+        Dim expectedEValue As String
+        expectedEValue = Trim(CStr(valueArray(0)))
+        
+        If eValue <> expectedEValue Then
+            ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).Value = "E column does not match reference data."
+            ws.Range("E" & rowNum).Interior.Color = RGB(255, 0, 0)
+            Exit Sub
+        End If
+    End If
+   
     ' Validation passed - clear error
-    ws.Cells(rowNum, 19).ClearContents
+    ws.Cells(rowNum, ERROR_COL).ClearContents
 End Sub
 
 
 Sub validateButton()
-    Dim ws As Worksheet
-    Dim lastRow As Long
-    Dim r As Long
-    Dim errorCount As Long
+    Dim lastDataRow As Long, r As Long, errorCount As Long
+    lastDataRow = GetLastDataRowInRange(Me, START_COL, END_COL)
     
-    Set ws = Me
-    lastRow = ws.Cells(ws.Rows.Count, "C").End(xlUp).Row
-    
-    If lastRow < 7 Then
+    If lastDataRow < 7 Then
         MsgBox "No data found.", vbExclamation
         Exit Sub
     End If
-    
-    errorCount = 0
-    For r = 7 To lastRow
-        Call validate(ws, r)
-        If Trim(ws.Cells(r, 19).Value) <> "" Then
+
+    For r = 7 To lastDataRow
+        Validate r, lastDataRow
+        If Trim(Cells(r, ERROR_COL).Value) <> "" Then
             errorCount = errorCount + 1
         End If
     Next r
@@ -242,8 +235,8 @@ Sub M1_Export()
     Dim r As Long, errorCount As Long
     For r = 7 To lastDataRow
         If Len(Trim(ws.Cells(r, 3).Value & "")) > 0 Then
-            Call validate(ws, r)
-            If Trim(ws.Cells(r, 19).Value) <> "" Then
+            Call validate(r, lastDataRow)
+            If Trim(ws.Cells(r, ERROR_COL).Value) <> "" Then
                 errorCount = errorCount + 1
             End If
         End If
diff --git a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z1_222.bas b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z1_222.bas
index 50dea64..0d233ff 100644
--- a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z1_222.bas
+++ b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z1_222.bas
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ' ====== Constants ======
 Const START_COL As Long = 3
 Const END_COL As Long = 9
+Const ERROR_COL As Long = 2
 
 ' ====== Function ======
 Sub Z1_ClearRowData(ByVal ws As Worksheet, ByVal rowNum As Long)
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ Sub Z1_validateButton()
     errorCount = 0
     For r = 7 To lastDataRow
         Validate r
-        If Trim(Cells(r, 2).Value) <> "" Then
+        If Trim(Cells(r, ERROR_COL).Value) <> "" Then
             errorCount = errorCount + 1
         End If
     Next r
diff --git a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z2_223.bas b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z2_223.bas
index d6e7dea..d1329da 100644
--- a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z2_223.bas
+++ b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z2_223.bas
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ' ====== Constants ======
 Const START_COL As Long = 3
 Const END_COL As Long = 7
+Const ERROR_COL As Long = 2
 
 ' ====== Function ======
 Sub Z2_ClearRowData(ByVal ws As Worksheet, ByVal rowNum As Long)
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ Sub Z2_validateButton()
     errorCount = 0
     For r = 7 To lastDataRow
         Validate r
-        If Trim(Cells(r, 2).Value) <> "" Then
+        If Trim(Cells(r, ERROR_COL).Value) <> "" Then
             errorCount = errorCount + 1
         End If
     Next r
diff --git a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z3_224.bas b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z3_224.bas
index ba261cb..baf237c 100644
--- a/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z3_224.bas
+++ b/src/thisWorkbook/Master_Z3_224.bas
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ' ====== Constants ======
 Const START_COL As Long = 3
 Const END_COL As Long = 8
+Const ERROR_COL As Long = 2
 
 ' ====== Function ======
 Sub Z3_ClearRowData(ByVal ws As Worksheet, ByVal rowNum As Long)
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ Sub Z3_validateButton()
     errorCount = 0
     For r = 7 To lastDataRow
         Validate r
-        If Trim(Cells(r, 2).Value) <> "" Then
+        If Trim(Cells(r, ERROR_COL).Value) <> "" Then
             errorCount = errorCount + 1
         End If
     Next r
diff --git a/通勤手当テンプレート_案.xlsm b/通勤手当テンプレート_案.xlsm
index 42c9948..a304f4a 100644
Binary files a/通勤手当テンプレート_案.xlsm and b/通勤手当テンプレート_案.xlsm differ